{"id":8048,"date":"2022-08-23T16:55:13","date_gmt":"2022-08-23T14:55:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gbmlf.miam.dev\/?p=8048"},"modified":"2022-10-04T10:14:26","modified_gmt":"2022-10-04T08:14:26","slug":"reform-of-the-status-of-co-ownership-of-built-properties-law-n-1-531-of-29-july-2022","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gbmlf.miam.dev\/en\/reform-of-the-status-of-co-ownership-of-built-properties-law-n-1-531-of-29-july-2022\/","title":{"rendered":"Reform of the status of co-ownership of built properties (Law no. 1.531 of 29 July 2022)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Monaco<\/strong> \u2022 <strong>Real Estate \u2022 Co-ownership<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Key contact:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1347\" src=\"https:\/\/gbmlf.miam.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/LM1-208x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"79\" height=\"114\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gbmlf.miam.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/LM1-208x300.jpg 208w, https:\/\/gbmlf.miam.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/LM1.jpg 444w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 79px) 100vw, 79px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gbmlf.miam.dev\/en\/equipe\/laurent-micol\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laurent MICOL<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journaldemonaco.gouv.mc\/Journaux\/2022\/Journal-8603\/Loi-n-1.531-du-29-juillet-2022-modifiant-des-dispositions-de-la-loi-n-1.329-du-8-janvier-2007-relative-a-la-copropriete-des-immeubles-batis-modifiee#:~:text=Lois-,Loi%20n%C2%B0%201.531%20du%2029%20juillet%202022%20modifiant%20des,copropri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20des%20immeubles%20b%C3%A2tis%2C%20modifi%C3%A9e.&amp;text=Avons%20sanctionn%C3%A9%20et%20sanctionnons%20la,s%C3%A9ance%20du%2027%20juillet%202022.&amp;text=Article%20Premier.\"><strong>Law no. 1.531 of 29 July 2022 amending the provisions of Law no. 1.329 of 8 January 2007 on co-ownership of built properties, as amended<\/strong><\/a><strong> (JDM no. 8603 of 12 August 2022) is the result of bill no. 1058 which was tabled in the Public Session of the Parliament on 30 June 2022.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The amendments to Law no. 1.329 of 8 January 2007 (already amended three times [1]) aim to modernise the status of condominiums in order to address practical difficulties in organisation and administration.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The general status of co-ownership has been updated to improve governance and facilitate the decision-making process at the general meeting, with exemptions applicable to small co-ownerships with no more than ten lots, and to &#8220;two-owner co-ownerships&#8221;.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The remodelled system remains based on the main principles of property law, personal law and the law of obligations, with the guiding principle being the search for a balance between respecting the individual rights of co-owners and facilitating the collective management of the building.<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em><strong>Main amendments to Law no. 1.329 by Law no. 1.531 of 29 July 2022 :<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>1\/ Organisation of co-ownership:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#x2666; Explicit distinction of <strong>general <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">common parts<\/span><\/strong> (undivided property of all co-owners), <strong>special common parts<\/strong> (undivided property of some co-owners), and <strong>private enjoyment<\/strong> (over which one co-owner benefits from exclusive enjoyment).<\/p>\n<p>Special and private common areas can only exist if the condominium regulations so provide.<\/p>\n<p>If the condominium by-laws do not specify the charges that the holder of the right of private enjoyment should bear, these charges would be shared among all the condominium owners even though they do not have the use of this common area.<\/p>\n<p>&#x2666; Addition concerning <strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">rights ancillary to the common parts<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>In the silence or contradiction of the titles, the <strong>right to raise a building comprising several premises which constitute private parts<\/strong>, and the <strong>right to build relating to the common parts<\/strong> are newly deemed to be <strong>accessory rights<\/strong> to the common parts (the rest unchanged).<\/p>\n<p>&#x2666; Legal recognition of the principle<strong> that no <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">easement<\/span> can be established over a common area<\/strong> for the benefit of a co-ownership lot (each lot has a share of the co-ownership rights attached to it).<\/p>\n<p>An easement can only be established between two separate properties, namely the so-called &#8220;servient property&#8221; and the so-called &#8220;dominant property&#8221;, which belong to two separate owners.<\/p>\n<p>The owner of a lot is also the undivided owner of the common portions. The joining of the servient property and the dominant property in one hand is an obstacle to the constitution of an easement.<\/p>\n<p>&#x2666; Definition of the <strong>modalities of <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">acquisition or alienation of common parts<\/span>, or <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">constitution of real property rights<\/span> by the <em>syndicat<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The <em>syndic de copropri\u00e9t\u00e9<\/em> (the legal representative of the <em>syndicat<\/em>) is empowered to sign, on behalf of the <em>syndicat<\/em>, the deeds of acquisition or alienation of the common parts or the constitution of real property rights for the benefit or charge of the latter (which will have been decided by the general assembly, in compliance with the voting rules provided for by Law no. 1.329 as amended).<\/p>\n<p>&#x2666; Establishment of an <strong>exemption concerning <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">certain costs<\/span> so that they are charged to the co-owner concerned alone<\/strong>, namely:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u2014 The necessary costs incurred by the <em>syndicat<\/em>, in particular the costs of formal notice, reminders and the taking of a mortgage from the date of formal notice, for the recovery of a justified debt against a co-owner as well as the fees and emoluments of the acts of the bailiffs and the right of recovery or collection payable by the debtor ;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u2014 The costs and fees of the <em>syndic<\/em> relating to services rendered for the benefit of this co-owner.<\/p>\n<p>&#x2666; Obligation of each <strong>co-owner (whether or not he\/she is an occupier<\/strong>[2]) and of each <strong><em>syndicat<\/em> of co-owners<\/strong> to <strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">nsure against the risks of civil liability<\/span> <\/strong>with an insurance company approved in the Principality of Monaco.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>2\/ Administration of the co-ownership:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#x2666; Obligation to <strong>attach to the convocation of the general assemblies the <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">estimates relating to works and expense<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">s<\/span><\/strong> <strong>as soon as they exceed a certain amount<\/strong> set by ministerial order, in order to provide full information to the co-owners.<\/p>\n<p>In order to reduce administrative formalities (avoiding the need for photocopies), estimates and documents relating to the accounts may be communicated to co-owners via a secure online access (Cloud), unless the general meeting decides otherwise, which may oppose this dematerialisation (not all <em>syndic<\/em> have a Cloud).<\/p>\n<p>In order to avoid any risk of litigation, it is specified that the communication of dematerialised documents is done by derogation to the provisions of the first paragraph of article 25-1 which stipulates that <em>&#8220;All notifications and formal notices provided for by this law shall be made by registered letter with a request for acknowledgement of receipt by post&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Nevertheless, co-owners who expressly request it may obtain a copy of the documents. In this case, the costs of reproducing and sending the documents are charged to the general expenses of the <em>syndicat<\/em> of co-owners.<\/p>\n<p>&#x2666; Introduction of a <strong>deadline for notification by the co-owners or the <em>conseil syndical<\/em> to the <em>syndic<\/em> of the questions to be included in the agenda of the next general assembly\/meeting<\/strong>, i.e. a maximum of ten days before the dispatch of the convocation . Another condition is that t<strong>he questions must have been received by the syndic before the convocation is sent out<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>In concrete terms, the general principle is that a co-owner or the <em>conseil syndical<\/em> may, at any time, notify the <em>syndic<\/em> of the questions he or she wishes to have included on the agenda of a general meeting.<\/p>\n<p>In order to be included on the agenda of the next general meeting, the questions must be notified at least ten days before the convocation is sent by the <em>conseil syndical<\/em> and received by the <em>conseil syndical<\/em> before the convocation is sent. <em>This last clarification takes into account the fact that questions sent from abroad could be received, despite the respect of the ten-day notification period, after the sending of the notice of meeting<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Questions notified or received in disregard of these deadlines shall be postponed until the next general meeting.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#x2666; <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Functioning\u00a0of the general assembly\/meeting:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u2014 <strong>When the <em>syndicat<\/em> comprises <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">no more than five co-owners<\/span>, the holding of a general meeting without an assessor is now possible in the event that only one co-owner is present<\/strong>. In this case, the latter is designated as the chairman of the meeting. <em>The purpose of this provision in the context of small co-ownerships is not to block the voting of certain decisions which may be essential for the proper functioning of the co-ownership, such as maintenance work or current charges for example.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u2014Clarification of the <strong>procedures for appointing the president and the assessor of the general assembly<\/strong>, namely by a majority of the votes cast by the owners present or represented, excluding the votes of abstainers, as provided for in article 14 of Law no. 1.329, by means of a separate vote. The mention of this election must be included in the minutes under penalty of nullity.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u2014 The <strong>secretary<\/strong> shall ensure that the general meeting is held.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u2014 <strong>Reduction of the majority<\/strong> (two-thirds of the votes of the co-owners present or represented, instead of unanimity) for the adoption of <strong>decisions relating to the raising, scouring or construction of new private premises <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">in cases where the said work is not carried out by the <em>syndicat<\/em><\/span><em>\u00a0<\/em>but initiated by one of the co-owners on a private lot<\/strong>. The unanimous vote of the co-owners present or represented, representing at least two-thirds of the votes of all the co-owners, is thus limited to decisions relating to the raising, scouring or construction of new private premises carried out by the <em>syndicat<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u2014 In the interests of better management, the <strong>time limit for sending the minutes<\/strong> (<em>proc\u00e8s-verbal<\/em>) of the general meeting by the <em>syndic<\/em> is <strong>reduced to one month<\/strong> (previously two months) from the date of the general meeting.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>Erratum to Article 14 of Law No. 1.531 of 29 July 2022 amending Article 19 of Law<\/strong> <strong>no. 1.329<\/strong><\/span> (JDM No. 8610 of 30 September 2022). <strong>Rectification of an editorial error regarding the time limit for challenging decisions of the general meeting.<\/strong> Although this was not apparent from the preparatory works, according to the initial drafting of Article 14 of Law no. 1.531 of 29 July 2022, its original wording led to a reduction of the two-month time limit for challenging decisions of the general meeting to one month. The Erratum reinstates that &#8220;Actions whose purpose is to contest the decisions of the general meeting must, under penalty of forfeiture, be brought before the court of first instance by the opposing or defaulting co-owners within a period of two months from the notification of the said decisions which is validly made to them, at the behest of the syndic.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&#x2666; In the event of an <strong>impediment or proven failure of the <em>syndic<\/em> that would jeopardise the conservation of the building, the health or safety of the occupants, new derogatory regime for <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">small co-ownerships comprising no more than ten lots<\/span>:<\/strong> each co-owner may take the initiative of convening an extraordinary general meeting so that it appoints a new <em>syndic<\/em> or takes the necessary decisions.<\/p>\n<p>&#x2666; <strong>Extension of the <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">missions of the <em>syndic<\/em><\/span><\/strong>. The <em>syndic<\/em> must now establish and keep up to date a documentation of the building, the content of which is defined by ministerial order. Copies and extracts of documents are only issued to co-owners who expressly request them, and at their expense, in order to limit unjustified requests.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>professional <em>syndic<\/em><\/strong><\/span> has the option of offering <strong>online access<\/strong> in a secure area to <strong>dematerialised documents<\/strong> relating to the management of the building or the lots managed, as well as to dematerialised documents that are or have been the subject of a decision by the general meeting, unless the general meeting decides otherwise. The minimum list of these documents is specified by ministerial order.<\/p>\n<p>&#x2666; It is specified that the <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>decisions of the <em>conseil syndical<\/em><\/strong><\/span>, if one is set up (whose role is to assist the <em>syndic<\/em> and control his management), are taken by a <strong>majority of the votes of the co-owners composing it<\/strong>. In the event of a tie, the President has the casting vote.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>3\/ New special provisions for small co-ownerships composed of two co-owners.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Derogations are made to certain rules of the common statute of co-ownership, which are unsuitable for &#8220;two-owner co-ownerships&#8221;, or which are too rigid, by ensuring a balance between remedying blockages and preserving the rights of the minority co-owner for the most important decisions.<\/p>\n<p>&#x2666; <strong>Partial derogation from the rule of the reduction of votes of the majority co-owner<\/strong> (when a co-owner has a share of the common parts greater than half, the number of votes he has is reduced to the sum of the votes of the other co-owners): the <strong>decisions of the general assembly falling within the scope of the majority of the votes cast of co-owners present or represented<\/strong>, as well as the <strong>appointment of the <em>syndic,<\/em><\/strong> can be taken <strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">by the co-owner holding more than half of the votes<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&#x2666; In the <strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">absence of a professional <em>syndic<\/em><\/span><\/strong>, the two co-owners making up the <em>syndicat<\/em> may <strong>meet without prior convocation<\/strong> to take all decisions, including those requiring unanimity.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>[1] Previous amendments to Law no. 1.329, by: Law no. 1.369 of 20 May 2010 (art. 28, extension of the period during which condominiums created prior to Law no. 1.329 were obliged to comply, to 5 years); Law no. 1.391 of 2 July 2012 (arts. 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, 11-1, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 25-1, 28 to resolve, with due respect for the right of ownership, the difficulties of application of Law no. 1.329); Law no. 1.481 of 17 December 2019 on civil solidarity contracts (Art. 13 and 22, addition of the partner of a cohabitation contract and the cohabitant of a cohabitation contract) See our publication &gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/gbmlf.miam.dev\/en\/introduction-of-civil-solidarity-contracts-into-monegasque-law\/\">https:\/\/gbmlf.miam.dev\/en\/introduction-of-civil-solidarity-contracts-into-monegasque-law\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Monaco \u2022 Real Estate \u2022 Co-ownership Key contact: Laurent MICOL Law no. 1.531 of 29 July 2022 amending the provisions of Law no. 1.329 of 8 January 2007 on co-ownership [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7864,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[35],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Reform of the status of co-ownership of built properties (Law no. 1.531 of 29 July 2022) - Giaccardi &amp; 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